--- title: mà («MAH!» falling sharply) is the fourth tone and means to scold; C… — The four tones: same sound, different meaning · tree and pragmatics description: mà («MAH!» falling sharply) is the fourth tone and means to scold; Chinese speakers are not angry, Mandarin just has many falling words. Who acts: mà, Chinese speakers, Mandarin. A sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary s --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chinese street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/) / [The four tones: same sound, different…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/) / 9 # The four tones: same sound, different meaning, sentence 9 mà («MAH!» falling sharply) is the fourth tone and means to scold; Chinese speakers are not angry, Mandarin just has many falling words. **Who acts:** mà, Chinese speakers, Mandarin · **What happens:** fall, be, mean, scold, not be, have · **To what, where:** fourth tone, many falling words This is a sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mà, Chinese speakers, Mandarin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:9 # text = mà («MAH!» falling sharply) is the fourth tone and means to scold; Chinese speakers are not angry, Mandarin just has many falling words. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chinese-street # lesson = 002-the-four-tones.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 mà mà PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 2 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 4 punct _ _ 3 « « PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ _ 4 MAH MAH PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 5 ! ! PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ 6 » » PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct 7 falling fall VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 1 acl:relcl _ _ 8 sharply sharply ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 9 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 8 punct _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 fourth fourth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 13 amod _ _ 13 tone tone NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:parataxis 16 to to PART TO _ 17 mark _ _ 17 scold scold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 xcomp _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 19 Chinese Chinese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 speakers speaker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 21 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 22 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 23 advmod _ _ 23 angry angry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 parataxis _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 Mandarin Mandarin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 26 just just ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 28 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 falling fall VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 30 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=30:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 30 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | gerund | mà *not said here* | | | | | sharply *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | present | mà | the fourth tone | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **mean** | present | mà *not said here* | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **scold** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | mà *not said here* | | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **not** **is** | present | Chinese speakers | | | | | angry *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **have** | present | Mandarin | many falling words | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | | 7 | **fall** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The four tones: same sound, different…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/8/) - next →: [The four tones: same sound, different…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/2-the-four-tones/)