--- title: Time words are built like Lego from "tiān", day: jīntiān (now-day) i… — Today, tomorrow, now, later · tree and pragmatics description: Time words are built like Lego from "tiān", day: jīntiān (now-day) is today, míngtiān (bright-day) is tomorrow, zuótiān is yesterday, and hòutiān (after-day) is the day after tomorrow — a word English doesn't even have. Who acts: zuótiān, hòutiān, English. A sentence of the lesson «Today, tomorrow, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/21-today-tomorrow-now-later/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chinese street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/) / [Today, tomorrow, now, later](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/21-today-tomorrow-now-later/) / 0 # Today, tomorrow, now, later, sentence 0 Time words are built like Lego from "tiān", day: jīntiān (now-day) is today, míngtiān (bright-day) is tomorrow, zuótiān is yesterday, and hòutiān (after-day) is the day after tomorrow — a word English doesn't even have. **Who acts:** zuótiān, hòutiān, English · **What happens:** build, be, not have · **To what, where:** Time words, tiān, today, tomorrow, yesterday, day This is a sentence of the lesson «Today, tomorrow, now, later» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (zuótiān, hòutiān, English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chinese-street:021-today-tomorrow-now-later.lesson:0 # text = Time words are built like Lego from "tiān", day: jīntiān (now-day) is today, míngtiān (bright-day) is tomorrow, zuótiān is yesterday, and hòutiān (after-day) is the day after tomorrow — a word English doesn't even have. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chinese-street # lesson = 021-today-tomorrow-now-later.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 like like ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Lego Lego PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 9 tiān tiān NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 10 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct 14 jīntiān jīntiān NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 appos _ _ 15 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 18 punct _ _ 16 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 18 advmod _ _ 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ _ 18 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 appos _ _ 19 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 18 punct _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 míngtiān míngtiān NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 24 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 27 punct _ _ 25 bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 26 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 25 punct _ _ 27 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 appos _ _ 28 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 27 punct _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 30 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 zuótiān zuótiān NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:compound 33 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 34 yesterday yesterday NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 hòutiān hòutiān NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ _ 38 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 41 punct _ _ 39 after after ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 39 punct _ _ 41 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 appos _ _ 42 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 41 punct _ _ 43 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 cop _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ _ 46 after after ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nmod _ _ 48 — - PUNCT : _ 50 punct _ _ 49 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 appos _ _ 51 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 55 nsubj _ _ 52 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 55 aux _ _ 53 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 55 advmod _ _ 54 even even ADV RB _ 55 advmod _ _ 55 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 acl:relcl _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | present · passive | | Time words | | tiān and day | | like Lego | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from tiān=Material | | 2 | **is a** | present | | today and míngtiān | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **is a** | present | | tomorrow | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is a** | present | zuótiān | yesterday | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** | present | hòutiān | the day | | | tomorrow | | tree rules | | 6 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | English | a word *not said here* | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:021-today-tomorrow-now-later.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather and what Granny says to wear, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/20-weather-and-what-granny-says-to-wear/16/) - next →: [Today, tomorrow, now, later, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/21-today-tomorrow-now-later/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/21-today-tomorrow-now-later/)