--- title: "lǎowài" (LAOW-WIGH) is a casual word for foreigner, literally "old… — Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said · tree and pragmatics description: "lǎowài" (LAOW-WIGH) is a casual word for foreigner, literally "old outsider"; people in China mostly use it without harm, but some people dislike the label. Who acts: lǎowài, people. A sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chinese street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/) / [Words that hurt — what they mean, neve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/) / 14 # Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 14 "lǎowài" (LAOW-WIGH) is a casual word for foreigner, literally "old outsider"; people in China mostly use it without harm, but some people dislike the label. **Who acts:** lǎowài, people · **What happens:** be, use, dislike · **To what, where:** casual word, outsider, label This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lǎowài, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:14 # text = "lǎowài" (LAOW-WIGH) is a casual word for foreigner, literally "old outsider"; people in China mostly use it without harm, but some people dislike the label. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chinese-street # lesson = 024-words-that-hurt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 lǎowài lǎowài PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 5 punct _ _ 5 LAOW LAOW PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 7 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 7 WIGH WIGH PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 8 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 5 punct _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 casual casual ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 13 for for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 foreigner foreigner NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 literally literally ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 17 " " PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 18 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 outsider outsider NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:appos 20 " " PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 25 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ _ 27 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ _ 28 without without ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 harm harm NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 31 but but CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 32 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 33 det _ _ 33 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ _ 34 dislike dislike VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 label label NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | lǎowài | a casual word | | | | for foreigner | tree rules | | 2 | **use** | present | people in China | outsider | | | | without harm; mostly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 3 | **dislike** | present | some people | the label | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer label=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Words that hurt — what they mean, neve…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/13/) - next →: [Words that hurt — what they mean, neve…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/)