--- title: Some Mandarin insults are pictures: a "turtle" said as a name is an… — Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said · tree and pragmatics description: Some Mandarin insults are pictures: a "turtle" said as a name is an old insult about shame on someone's family; calling someone "waste matter" means useless; a "nerve-disease case" mocks people with real illnesses. Who acts: Mandarin insults, turtle, calling, disease case. A sentence of the lesson « --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chinese street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/) / [Words that hurt — what they mean, neve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/) / 2 # Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said, sentence 2 Some Mandarin insults are pictures: a "turtle" said as a name is an old insult about shame on someone's family; calling someone "waste matter" means useless; a "nerve-disease case" mocks people with real illnesses. **Who acts:** Mandarin insults, turtle, calling, disease case · **What happens:** be, say, call, mean, mock · **To what, where:** pictures, name, old insult, someone, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Words that hurt — what they mean, never to be said» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mandarin insults, turtle, calling, disease case), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:2 # text = Some Mandarin insults are pictures: a "turtle" said as a name is an old insult about shame on someone's family; calling someone "waste matter" means useless; a "nerve-disease case" mocks people with real illnesses. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chinese-street # lesson = 024-words-that-hurt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 3 det _ _ 2 Mandarin mandarin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 insults insult NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 pictures picture NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 9 turtle turtle NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 10 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 11 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 12 as as SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:nsubj 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 16 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 insult insult NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 advcl _ _ 19 about about ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 shame shame NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 on on ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 's 's PART POS _ 22 case _ _ 24 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 calling call VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 32 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=32:nsubj 27 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 26 obj _ _ 28 " " PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 29 waste waste NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 matter matter NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 xcomp _ _ 31 " " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ 32 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 ccomp _ _ 33 useless useless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 xcomp _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 36 " " PUNCT `` _ 40 punct _ _ 37 nerve nerve NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 38 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 37 punct _ _ 39 disease disease NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 case case NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 41 " " PUNCT '' _ 40 punct _ _ 42 mocks mock VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 43 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obj _ _ 44 with with ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 illnesses illness NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 nmod _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | some Mandarin insults | pictures | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a turtle | a name | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **is a** | present | a turtle *not said here* | a old insult | | | | about shame on someone's family | tree rules | | 4 | **call** | gerund | | | someone | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient | | 5 | **mean** | present | calling | | | | | useless *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **mock** | present | a disease case | people | | | | with real illnesses | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:024-words-that-hurt.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Words that hurt — what they mean, neve…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/1/) - next →: [Words that hurt — what they mean, neve…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/24-words-that-hurt/)