---
title: "xīnnián kuàilè" means Happy New Year and is said to everyone at Chi… — Spring Festival — Chinese New Year · tree and pragmatics
description: "xīnnián kuàilè" means Happy New Year and is said to everyone at Chinese New Year and also on 1 January. Who acts: kuàilè. A sentence of the lesson «Spring Festival — Chinese New Year» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Spring Festival — Chinese New Year, sentence 8

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"xīnnián kuàilè" means Happy New Year and is said to everyone at Chinese New Year and also on 1 January.

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**Who acts:** kuàilè · **What happens:** mean, say · **To what, where:** Happy New Year, everyone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Spring Festival — Chinese New Year» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kuàilè), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chinese-street:025-spring-festival.lesson:8
# text = "xīnnián kuàilè" means Happy New Year and is said to everyone at Chinese New Year and also on 1 January.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chinese-street
# lesson = 025-spring-festival.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	xīnnián	xīnnián	ADV	FW	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	kuàilè	kuàilè	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	New	New	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	11	obl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	New	New	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=17:cc
19	also	also	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | kuàilè | Happy New Year |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent year=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | kuàilè *not said here* |  | everyone |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: to everyone=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:025-spring-festival.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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