--- title: A digraph is two letters making one sound (sh, ch, th, ng, and ee in… — Sounds and letters: how phonics starts · tree and pragmatics description: A digraph is two letters making one sound (sh, ch, th, ng, and ee in «sheep»); a trigraph is three letters making one sound (igh, air). Who acts: digraph, two letters, trigraph, three letters. A sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the english course of Mova's primary s --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Sounds and letters: how phonics starts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/) / 19 # Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, sentence 19 A digraph is two letters making one sound (sh, ch, th, ng, and ee in «sheep»); a trigraph is three letters making one sound (igh, air). **Who acts:** digraph, two letters, trigraph, three letters · **What happens:** be, make · **To what, where:** two letters, one sound, three letters This is a sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (digraph, two letters, trigraph, three letters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:19 # text = A digraph is two letters making one sound (sh, ch, th, ng, and ee in «sheep»); a trigraph is three letters making one sound (igh, air). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 digraph digraph NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 5 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 making make VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 acl _ _ 7 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 8 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 10 punct _ _ 10 sh sh NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 ch ch NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 th th INTJ UH _ 10 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:discourse 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 ng ng NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 ee ee NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 « « PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ _ 22 sheep sheep NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 23 » » PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ _ 24 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 10 punct _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 trigraph trigraph NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 29 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 30 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 31 making make VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 30 acl _ _ 32 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 33 nummod _ _ 33 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 37 punct _ _ 35 igh igh INTJ UH _ 37 discourse _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=35:punct 37 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 38 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 37 punct _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a digraph | two letters | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **make** | gerund | two letters *not said here* | one sound | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset sound=Beneficiary sh=Product | | 3 | **is a** | present | a trigraph | three letters | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **make** | gerund | three letters *not said here* | one sound | | | | air *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/18/) - next →: [Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/22/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/)