---
title: Reading made-up «alien words» such as «zib» proves a child is decodi… — Sounds and letters: how phonics starts · tree and pragmatics
description: Reading made-up «alien words» such as «zib» proves a child is decoding the sounds, not guessing from memory. Who acts: Reading, child. A sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, sentence 23

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Reading made-up «alien words» such as «zib» proves a child is decoding the sounds, not guessing from memory.

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**Who acts:** Reading, child · **What happens:** read, make up, prove, decode, not guess · **To what, where:** made alien words, sounds, memory

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reading, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:23
# text = Reading made-up «alien words» such as «zib» proves a child is decoding the sounds, not guessing from memory.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	csubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	«	«	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	alien	alien	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	fixed	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
12	zib	zib	X	GW	_	7	appos	_	_
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_
14	proves	prove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	decoding	decode	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	ccomp	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	guessing	guess	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund |  | made alien words |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **make up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **prove** | present | Reading |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **decode** | present · progressive | a child | the sounds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **guess** | gerund | a child *not said here* |  |  | memory |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:23`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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