--- title: Phonics is teaching reading by matching sounds to letters; many grow… — Sounds and letters: how phonics starts · tree and pragmatics description: Phonics is teaching reading by matching sounds to letters; many grown-ups learned whole words by their shape instead, but phonics lets a child work out words they have never seen. Who acts: Phonics, many grown ups, child. A sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the engli --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Sounds and letters: how phonics starts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/) / 24 # Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, sentence 24 Phonics is teaching reading by matching sounds to letters; many grown-ups learned whole words by their shape instead, but phonics lets a child work out words they have never seen. **Who acts:** Phonics, many grown ups, child · **What happens:** teach, match, learn, let, work out, not see · **To what, where:** reading, sounds, whole words, words This is a sentence of the lesson «Sounds and letters: how phonics starts» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Phonics, many grown ups, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:24 # text = Phonics is teaching reading by matching sounds to letters; many grown-ups learned whole words by their shape instead, but phonics lets a child work out words they have never seen. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Phonics phonic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 teaching teach VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 reading reading NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:advcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 by by SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 6 matching match VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 7 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 8 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nmod 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 12 grown grow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ _ 14 ups up NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 learned learn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 16 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 18 by by ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:nmod 21 instead instead ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 but but CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 phonics phonic NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 25 lets let VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:parataxis 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:ccomp 29 out out ADP RP _ 28 compound:prt _ _ 30 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 32 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 33 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 34 advmod _ _ 34 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 30 acl:relcl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present · progressive | Phonics | reading | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reading=Recipient | | 2 | **match** | gerund | Phonics *not said here* | sounds | | | | to letters | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent sound=Patient to letter=Co-Patient | | 3 | **learn** | past | many grown ups | whole words | | | | by ups's shape; instead *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | | 4 | **let** | present | phonics | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **work out** | infinitive | a child | words | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | | 6 | **not** **see** | present · perfect | phonics *= phonic* | words *not said here* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:001-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts.lesson:24`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/23/) - next →: [Sounds and letters: how phonics starts, 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/25/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/1-sounds-and-letters-how-phonics-starts/)