---
title: il- is used before l (illegal, illogical) and ir- before r (irregula… — Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-, in-, im-,… · tree and pragmatics
description: il- is used before l (illegal, illogical) and ir- before r (irregular, irresponsible), so these words have double letters. Who acts: words. A sentence of the lesson «Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-, in-, im-, il-, ir-» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
il- is used before l (illegal, illogical) and ir- before r (irregular, irresponsible), so these words have double letters.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** words · **What happens:** use, have · **To what, where:** il, double letters

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-, in-, im-, il-, ir-» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:012-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir.lesson:16
# text = il- is used before l (illegal, illogical) and ir- before r (irregular, irresponsible), so these words have double letters.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 012-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	il	IL	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	l	l	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
8	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	illogical	illogical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	ir	ir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct
15	before	before	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	r	r	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
18	irregular	irregular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	appos	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	irresponsible	irresponsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
24	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
27	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | il |  |  | before l and ir before r |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | this words | double letters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:012-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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