--- title: Several prefixes mean «not», and the first letter of the root often… — Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-, in-, im-,… · tree and pragmatics description: Several prefixes mean «not», and the first letter of the root often picks which: im- before m or p (impossible, immature), il- before l (illegal, illogical), ir- before r (irregular, irresponsible), in- for many others (incorrect, invisible), and un- for very many common words (unhappy, unkind). Who --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/12-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/12-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir/) / 5 # Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, sentence 5 Several prefixes mean «not», and the first letter of the root often picks which: im- before m or p (impossible, immature), il- before l (illegal, illogical), ir- before r (irregular, irresponsible), in- for many others (incorrect, invisible), and un- for very many common words (unhappy, unkind). **Who acts:** Several prefixes, first letter · **What happens:** mean, pick, letter · **To what, where:** root This is a sentence of the lesson «Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-, in-, im-, il-, ir-» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Several prefixes, first letter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:012-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir.lesson:5 # text = Several prefixes mean «not», and the first letter of the root often picks which: im- before m or p (impossible, immature), il- before l (illegal, illogical), ir- before r (irregular, irresponsible), in- for many others (incorrect, invisible), and un- for very many common words (unhappy, unkind). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 012-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×6, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 prefixes prefix NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 mean mean VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 « « PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 3 obj _ _ 6 » » PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 11 amod _ _ 11 letter letter NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 root root NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 often often ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 picks pick VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 17 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:nsubj 18 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 19 im im ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 ccomp _ _ 20 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 19 punct _ _ 21 before before ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 m M NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 p p NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 25 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 26 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 26 impossible impossible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 28 immature immature ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 appos _ _ 29 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 28 punct _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 il il NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod:unmarked _ _ 32 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 34 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=34:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 33 before before ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 l l NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:conj 35 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 36 punct _ _ 36 illegal illegal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 illogical illogical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 conj _ _ 39 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 36 punct _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 41 ir ir NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 appos _ _ 42 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 41 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=43:punct 43 before before ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 r r NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=41:appos 45 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 46 punct _ _ 46 irregular irregular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 appos _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 48 irresponsible irresponsible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 conj _ _ 49 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 46 punct _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 51 in in ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 52 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 51 punct _ _ 53 for for ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 54 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 55 amod _ _ 55 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 conj _ _ 56 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 57 punct _ _ 57 incorrect incorrect ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 55 amod _ _ 58 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 59 invisible invisible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 57 conj _ _ 60 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 57 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=59:punct 61 , , PUNCT , _ 63 punct _ _ 62 and and CCONJ CC _ 63 cc _ _ 63 un un NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 conj _ _ 64 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 63 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=69:punct 65 for for ADP IN _ 69 case _ _ 66 very very ADV RB _ 67 advmod _ _ 67 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 69 amod _ _ 68 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 69 amod _ _ 69 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 63 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=55:orphan 70 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 71 punct _ _ 71 unhappy unhappy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 69 appos _ _ 72 , , PUNCT , _ 73 punct _ _ 73 unkind unkind ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 71 conj _ _ 74 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 71 punct _ _ 75 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Several prefixes | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent not=Topic | | 2 | **pick** | present | the first letter of the root | | | | | often *property* | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient | | 3 | **letter** | | | the root | | | | | nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:012-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×6, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-,…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/12-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir/4/) - next →: [Prefixes: un-, dis-, mis-, re-, pre-,…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/12-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/12-prefixes-un-dis-mis-re-pre-in-im-il-ir/)