---
title: «Believe» has «lie» inside it: never believe a lie. — Words to know, Years 3–4 (the statutory list, by… · tree and pragmatics
description: «Believe» has «lie» inside it: never believe a lie. A sentence of the lesson «Words to know, Years 3–4 (the statutory list, by idea)» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/13-words-to-know-years-3-4/19/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Words to know, Years 3–4 (the statutor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/13-words-to-know-years-3-4/) / 19

# Words to know, Years 3–4 (the statutory list, by idea), sentence 19

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Believe» has «lie» inside it: never believe a lie.

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** believe, have, lie, not believe · **To what, where:** meaning, lie

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Words to know, Years 3–4 (the statutory list, by idea)» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:013-words-to-know-years-3-4.lesson:19
# text = «Believe» has «lie» inside it: never believe a lie.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 013-words-to-know-years-3-4.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Believe	believe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	_
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
6	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	obj	_	_
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	believe	believe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **have** | present |  |  |  | meaning |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lie** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **believe** | infinitive |  | a lie |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lie=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:013-words-to-know-years-3-4.lesson:19`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Words to know, Years 3–4 (the statutor…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/13-words-to-know-years-3-4/17/)
- next →: [Words to know, Years 3–4 (the statutor…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/13-words-to-know-years-3-4/20/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/13-words-to-know-years-3-4/)