--- title: He looked at the frozen pond and grinned.» The grin is the clue: Sam… — Prediction: what happens next · tree and pragmatics description: He looked at the frozen pond and grinned.» The grin is the clue: Sam is probably going to step onto the ice, and stories love trouble, so he may well fall in. Who acts: Sam, grin, stories. A sentence of the lesson «Prediction: what happens next» of the english course of Mova's primary school with it --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/19-prediction-what-happens-next/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Prediction: what happens next](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/19-prediction-what-happens-next/) / 2 # Prediction: what happens next, sentence 2 He looked at the frozen pond and grinned.» The grin is the clue: Sam is probably going to step onto the ice, and stories love trouble, so he may well fall in. **Who acts:** Sam, grin, stories · **What happens:** look, freeze, grin, be, go, step · **To what, where:** frozen pond, ice, trouble · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Prediction: what happens next» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sam, grin, stories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:019-prediction-what-happens-next.lesson:2 # text = He looked at the frozen pond and grinned.» The grin is the clue: Sam is probably going to step onto the ice, and stories love trouble, so he may well fall in. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 019-prediction-what-happens-next.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 at at ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 frozen freeze VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 6 pond pond NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 grinned grin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 9 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ 10 » » PUNCT '' _ 15 case _ _ 11 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 grin grin NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 13 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 clue clue NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 17 Sam Sam PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 probably probably ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 ccomp _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 step step VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 onto onto ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 stories story NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 love love VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:parataxis 30 trouble trouble NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 so so ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 33 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 34 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 35 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 36 advmod _ _ 36 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 conj _ _ 37 in in ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:compound:prt 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - hedged: yes - teacher: changed hedge=1 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | past | Sam | | | the frozen pond | | | tree rules | | 2 | **freeze** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **grin** | past | Sam *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the grin | | | | | » the clue | tree rules | | 5 | **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | Sam | | | | | probably *property* | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **step** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Sam *not said here* | | | the ice | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme onto ice=Trajectory | | 7 | **love** *in a quote* | present | stories | trouble | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trouble=Stimulus | | 8 | **fall in** *in a quote* | may | Sam | | | | | well *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:019-prediction-what-happens-next.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Prediction: what happens next, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/19-prediction-what-happens-next/1/) - next →: [Prediction: what happens next, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/19-prediction-what-happens-next/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/19-prediction-what-happens-next/)