--- title: «The path was treacherous, full of loose stones and steep drops.» Le… — Vocabulary in context · tree and pragmatics description: «The path was treacherous, full of loose stones and steep drops.» Leo guesses treacherous means pretty, but the clues are loose stones and steep drops, so it must mean dangerous. Who acts: path, Leo, treacherous, clues. A sentence of the lesson «Vocabulary in context» of the english course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/20-vocabulary-in-context/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Vocabulary in context](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/20-vocabulary-in-context/) / 4 # Vocabulary in context, sentence 4 «The path was treacherous, full of loose stones and steep drops.» Leo guesses treacherous means pretty, but the clues are loose stones and steep drops, so it must mean dangerous. **Who acts:** path, Leo, treacherous, clues · **What happens:** be, guess, means, mean · **To what, where:** loose stones · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Vocabulary in context» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (path, Leo, treacherous, clues), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:020-vocabulary-in-context.lesson:4 # text = «The path was treacherous, full of loose stones and steep drops.» Leo guesses treacherous means pretty, but the clues are loose stones and steep drops, so it must mean dangerous. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 020-vocabulary-in-context.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 « « PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ _ 2 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 path path NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 treacherous treacherous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 loose loose ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:nmod 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 steep steep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 drops drop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 14 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ 15 » » PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 16 Leo Leo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 17 guesses guess VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 18 treacherous treacherous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 nsubj _ _ 19 means means VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ _ 20 pretty pretty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 xcomp _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 22 but but CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 clues clue NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 26 loose loose ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 steep steep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 drops drop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 so so ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 mean mean VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 parataxis _ _ 36 dangerous dangerous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 xcomp _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** *in a quote* | past | the path | | | | | treacherous *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** *in a quote* | | the path *not said here* | | | | | of loose stones and steep drops | tree rules | | 3 | **guess** | present | Leo | | | | | | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 4 | **means** | present | treacherous | | | | | pretty *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** | present | the clues | loose stones and steep drops | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **mean** | must | path | | | | | dangerous *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:020-vocabulary-in-context.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Vocabulary in context, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/20-vocabulary-in-context/3/) - next →: [Vocabulary in context, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/20-vocabulary-in-context/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/20-vocabulary-in-context/)