---
title: «Ravi pretended he wasn't scared of the dark. — Reading a story: characters, plot and setting · tree and pragmatics
description: «Ravi pretended he wasn't scared of the dark. Who acts: Ravi. A sentence of the lesson «Reading a story: characters, plot and setting» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Reading a story: characters, plot and setting, sentence 12

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«Ravi pretended he wasn't scared of the dark.

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**Who acts:** Ravi · **What happens:** pretend, not be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Reading a story: characters, plot and setting» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ravi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:022-reading-a-story-characters-plot-and-setting.lesson:12
# text = «Ravi pretended he wasn't scared of the dark.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 022-reading-a-story-characters-plot-and-setting.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	Ravi	Ravi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pretended	pretend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pretend** *in a quote* | past | Ravi |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | past | Ravi |  |  |  |  | of the dark; scared *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:022-reading-a-story-characters-plot-and-setting.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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