---
title: The first paragraph of a news article usually tells who, what, when… — Persuasive letters, newspaper articles and diaries · tree and pragmatics
description: The first paragraph of a news article usually tells who, what, when and where. Who acts: first paragraph, news article. A sentence of the lesson «Persuasive letters, newspaper articles and diaries» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Persuasive letters, newspaper articles and diaries, sentence 20

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The first paragraph of a news article usually tells who, what, when and where.

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**Who acts:** first paragraph, news article · **What happens:** tell, paragraph · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Persuasive letters, newspaper articles and diaries» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first paragraph, news article), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:024-persuasive-letters-newspaper-articles-and-diaries.lesson:20
# text = The first paragraph of a news article usually tells who, what, when and where.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 024-persuasive-letters-newspaper-articles-and-diaries.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	12	conj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the first paragraph of a news article |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent who=Recipient |
| 2 | **paragraph** |  | a news article |  |  |  |  |  | nom paragraph «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:024-persuasive-letters-newspaper-articles-and-diaries.lesson:20`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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