--- title: In «The hungry fox quickly ate the cake under the table», fox and ca… — Word classes: the jobs words do · tree and pragmatics description: In «The hungry fox quickly ate the cake under the table», fox and cake and table are nouns (naming words), ate is a verb (doing or being), hungry is an adjective (it describes the noun fox), quickly is an adverb (it tells how he ate), the is a determiner, and under is a preposition (it shows where). --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Word classes: the jobs words do](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/) / 1 # Word classes: the jobs words do, sentence 1 In «The hungry fox quickly ate the cake under the table», fox and cake and table are nouns (naming words), ate is a verb (doing or being), hungry is an adjective (it describes the noun fox), quickly is an adverb (it tells how he ate), the is a determiner, and under is a preposition (it shows where). **Who acts:** hungry fox, words, ate, verb, hungry, fox · **What happens:** eat, be, name, do, describe, tell · **To what, where:** cake, nouns, verb, adjective, noun fox, adverb · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Word classes: the jobs words do» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hungry fox, words, ate, verb), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:027-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do.lesson:1 # text = In «The hungry fox quickly ate the cake under the table», fox and cake and table are nouns (naming words), ate is a verb (doing or being), hungry is an adjective (it describes the noun fox), quickly is an adverb (it tells how he ate), the is a determiner, and under is a preposition (it shows where). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 027-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×6 1 In in ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 5 case _ _ 2 « « ADP IN _ 1 fixed _ _ 3 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 hungry hungry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 fox fox NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:obl 6 quickly quickly ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 parataxis _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 under under ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:det 12 table table NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:compound 13 » » PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 fox fox NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:conj 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 table table NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 nouns noun NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 22 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 23 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=24:punct 23 naming name VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 24 acl _ _ 24 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 appos _ _ 25 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 ate ate NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 31 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 32 punct _ _ 32 doing do VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 30 acl _ _ 33 or or CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 32 conj _ _ 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 32 punct _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 37 hungry hungry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=40:amod 38 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 39 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 adjective adjective NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 41 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 43 punct _ _ 42 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 43 describes describe VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 45 noun noun NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 compound _ _ 46 fox fox NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 47 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 43 punct _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 49 quickly quickly ADV RB _ 52 advmod _ _ 50 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 cop _ _ 51 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 adverb adverb NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 53 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 55 punct _ _ 54 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 nsubj _ _ 55 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=52:acl:relcl 56 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 58 advmod _ _ 57 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 nsubj _ _ 58 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 55 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=55:advcl 59 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 58 punct _ _ 60 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=58:punct 61 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 64 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=64:det 62 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 64 cop _ _ 63 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 64 det _ _ 64 determiner determiner NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 conj _ _ 65 , , PUNCT , _ 70 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=67:punct 66 and and CCONJ CC _ 70 cc _ _ 67 under under ADP IN _ 70 case _ _ 68 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 70 cop _ _ 69 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 70 det _ _ 70 preposition preposition NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 conj _ _ 71 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 73 punct _ _ 72 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 73 nsubj _ _ 73 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 70 acl:relcl _ _ 74 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 73 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=73:conj 75 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 73 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=74:punct 76 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** *in a quote* | past | the hungry fox | the cake | | | | the table *obl*; quickly *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient | | 2 | **is a** | present | | nouns | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **name** | gerund | words *not said here* | | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | present | ate | a verb and a adjective | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **do** | gerund | a verb and a adjective *not said here* | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is a** | present | hungry | a adjective | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **describe** | present | ate | the noun fox | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent fox=Theme | | 8 | **is a** | present | | a adverb and a determiner and a preposition | | | | quickly *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | ate | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 10 | **eat** | past | fox | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **is a** | present | the | a determiner | | | | | tree rules | | 12 | **is** | present | | | | a preposition | | | tree rules | | 13 | **show** | present | ate | a preposition *not said here* | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent preposition=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:027-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×6. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sentences: capital letters, full stops…, 35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/26-sentences-capital-letters-full-stops-and-the-four-types/35/) - next →: [Word classes: the jobs words do, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/)