--- title: They are odd mostly because they are old: the way people say them ch… — Tricky words and common exception words · tree and pragmatics description: They are odd mostly because they are old: the way people say them changed over hundreds of years, and the spelling stayed behind. Who acts: Schools, people, way, spelling. A sentence of the lesson «Tricky words and common exception words» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its depen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/3-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Tricky words and common exception words](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/3-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words/) / 2 # Tricky words and common exception words, sentence 2 They are odd mostly because they are old: the way people say them changed over hundreds of years, and the spelling stayed behind. **Who acts:** Schools, people, way, spelling · **What happens:** be, say, change, stay · **To what, where:** Schools, hundreds · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tricky words and common exception words» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Schools, people, way, spelling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:003-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words.lesson:2 # text = They are odd mostly because they are old: the way people say them changed over hundreds of years, and the spelling stayed behind. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 003-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 odd odd ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 5 because because SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 6 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 9 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 12 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 14 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ _ 15 changed change VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 16 over over ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 hundreds hundred NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 spelling spelling NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 stayed stay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 25 behind behind ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Schools *= school* | | | | | odd *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | Schools *= school* | | | | | mostly, old *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | people | Schools *= school* | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent they=Topic | | 4 | **change** | past | the way | | | hundreds of years | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **stay** | past | the spelling | | | | | behind *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:003-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tricky words and common exception words, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/3-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words/1/) - next →: [Tricky words and common exception words, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/3-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/3-tricky-words-and-common-exception-words/)