---
title: Relative clauses usually start with a relative pronoun: who, which,… — Relative clauses · tree and pragmatics
description: Relative clauses usually start with a relative pronoun: who, which, that, whose, where or when. Who acts: Relative clauses. A sentence of the lesson «Relative clauses» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Relative clauses, sentence 14

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Relative clauses usually start with a relative pronoun: who, which, that, whose, where or when.

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**Who acts:** Relative clauses · **What happens:** start

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Relative clauses» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Relative clauses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:030-relative-clauses.lesson:14
# text = Relative clauses usually start with a relative pronoun: who, which, that, whose, where or when.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 030-relative-clauses.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Relative	relative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	clauses	clause	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	relative	relative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	pronoun	pronoun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	appos	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=10:punct
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:conj|HaikuPos=PRON:WDT:PronType=Rel
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct
16	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	10	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct
18	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | Relative clauses |  |  |  |  | with a relative pronoun; usually *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with pronoun=Subeventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:030-relative-clauses.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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