---
title: In some dialects people say «the lass what helped me»; in standard E… — Relative clauses · tree and pragmatics
description: In some dialects people say «the lass what helped me»; in standard English it is «the girl who helped me». Who acts: people, lass, girl. A sentence of the lesson «Relative clauses» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Relative clauses, sentence 23

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In some dialects people say «the lass what helped me»; in standard English it is «the girl who helped me».

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**Who acts:** people, lass, girl · **What happens:** say, help, be · **To what, where:** lass, dialects, people, girl, standard English · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Relative clauses» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, lass, girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:030-relative-clauses.lesson:23
# text = In some dialects people say «the lass what helped me»; in standard English it is «the girl who helped me».
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 030-relative-clauses.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	dialects	dialect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lass	lass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	what	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	10	nsubj	_	_
10	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	standard	standard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | people | the lass |  | some dialects |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** *in a quote* | past | the lass |  | people |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | lass | the girl |  | standard English |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **help** *in a quote* | past | the girl |  | people |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:030-relative-clauses.lesson:23`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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