--- title: A story is like a film shot from one seat in the cinema: if you writ… — Tense consistency and verb forms · tree and pragmatics description: A story is like a film shot from one seat in the cinema: if you write "I went to the park and I see a dog", the camera jumps from yesterday to now and the reader wobbles, so you keep one tense unless the time really changes. Who acts: story, you, I, camera. A sentence of the lesson «Tense consistenc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Tense consistency and verb forms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/) / 1 # Tense consistency and verb forms, sentence 1 A story is like a film shot from one seat in the cinema: if you write "I went to the park and I see a dog", the camera jumps from yesterday to now and the reader wobbles, so you keep one tense unless the time really changes. **Who acts:** story, you, I, camera, reader, time · **What happens:** be, write, go, see, jump, wobble · **To what, where:** one seat, park, dog, one tense · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tense consistency and verb forms» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (story, you, I, camera), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:1 # text = A story is like a film shot from one seat in the cinema: if you write "I went to the park and I see a dog", the camera jumps from yesterday to now and the reader wobbles, so you keep one tense unless the time really changes. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 4 like like ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 film film NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 shot shot NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 seat seat NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 cinema cinema NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 15 if if SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 16 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 write write VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 advcl _ _ 18 " " PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 19 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ _ 21 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 park park NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 30 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:det 32 camera camera NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 jumps jump VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 34 from from ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 yesterday yesterday NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl:unmarked _ _ 36 to to ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 33 obl _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=41:det 40 reader reader NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 41 wobbles wobble VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 conj _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 so so ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 44 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:conj 46 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 47 nummod _ _ 47 tense tense NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=45:obj 48 unless unless SCONJ IN _ 52 mark _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 nsubj _ _ 51 really really ADV RB _ 52 advmod _ _ 52 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 advcl _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | a story | | | one seat in the cinema | | like a film shot | tree rules | | 2 | **write** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **go** *in a quote* | past | I | | | the park | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to park=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **see** *in a quote* | present | I | a dog | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dog=Stimulus | | 5 | **jump** | present | the camera | | | | yesterday | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to now=Result | | 6 | **wobble** | present | the reader | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **keep** | present | you | one tense | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **change** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the time | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tense consistency and verb forms, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/0/) - next →: [Tense consistency and verb forms, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/)