--- title: Each tense has helpers: "I am running" (am + -ing) is happening righ… — Tense consistency and verb forms · tree and pragmatics description: Each tense has helpers: "I am running" (am + -ing) is happening right now, "I was running" was going on in the past, and "I have eaten" (have + eaten) is past but still matters now, because you are full. Who acts: tense, I, you. A sentence of the lesson «Tense consistency and verb forms» of the engl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Tense consistency and verb forms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/) / 2 # Tense consistency and verb forms, sentence 2 Each tense has helpers: "I am running" (am + -ing) is happening right now, "I was running" was going on in the past, and "I have eaten" (have + eaten) is past but still matters now, because you are full. **Who acts:** tense, I, you · **What happens:** have, run, happen, go on, eat, be · **To what, where:** helpers, past · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tense consistency and verb forms» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tense, I, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:2 # text = Each tense has helpers: "I am running" (am + -ing) is happening right now, "I was running" was going on in the past, and "I have eaten" (have + eaten) is past but still matters now, because you are full. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×5 1 Each each DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 tense tense NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 helpers helper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 6 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 7 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 8 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 running run VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 parataxis _ _ 10 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 11 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 12 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 13 + + SYM SYM _ 15 case _ _ 14 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 13 punct _ _ 15 ing ing NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 15 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct 17 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 happening happen VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 advcl _ _ 19 right right ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 now now ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 22 " " PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 23 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 running run VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 27 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 conj _ _ 29 on on ADP RP _ 28 compound:prt _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 35 " " PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ _ 36 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 37 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 25 conj _ _ 39 " " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ 40 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 43 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=41:punct 41 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 + + SYM SYM _ 41 xcomp _ _ 43 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 38 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:parataxis 44 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 43 punct _ _ 45 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 cop _ _ 46 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 conj _ _ 47 but but CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 48 still still ADV RB _ 49 advmod _ _ 49 matters matter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 conj _ _ 50 now now ADV RB _ 49 advmod _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 52 because because SCONJ IN _ 55 mark _ _ 53 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 55 nsubj _ _ 54 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 55 cop _ _ 55 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 conj _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=43:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | each tense | helpers | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **run** *in a quote* | present · progressive | I | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **happen** | present · progressive | I *not said here* | | | | now | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **run** *in a quote* | past · progressive | I | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **go on** | past · progressive | I *not said here* | | | the past | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in past=Location | | 6 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · perfect | I | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **eat** | present · perfect | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **is** | present | | | | | | past *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **matter** | present | | | | | still; now | | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | | 10 | **is** | present | you | | | | | full *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×5. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tense consistency and verb forms, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/1/) - next →: [Tense consistency and verb forms, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/)