--- title: Homes and towns have their own verb habits: a Lancashire gran may sa… — Tense consistency and verb forms · tree and pragmatics description: Homes and towns have their own verb habits: a Lancashire gran may say "I were going to't shop" ("to't" is "to the"), and that is real dialect with its own rules; in school writing the standard form is "I was going to the shop". Who acts: Homes, Lancashire gran, that, school. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Tense consistency and verb forms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/) / 4 # Tense consistency and verb forms, sentence 4 Homes and towns have their own verb habits: a Lancashire gran may say "I were going to't shop" ("to't" is "to the"), and that is real dialect with its own rules; in school writing the standard form is "I was going to the shop". **Who acts:** Homes, Lancashire gran, that, school, gran · **What happens:** have, say, go, shop, be, write · **To what, where:** own verb habits, standard form · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tense consistency and verb forms» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Homes, Lancashire gran, that, school), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:4 # text = Homes and towns have their own verb habits: a Lancashire gran may say "I were going to't shop" ("to't" is "to the"), and that is real dialect with its own rules; in school writing the standard form is "I was going to the shop". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Homes home NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 towns town NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 6 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 habits habit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 Lancashire Lancashire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 gran gran NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 13 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 16 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 ccomp _ _ 19 to't to't NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 shop shop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ 22 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 24 punct _ _ 23 " " PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 24 to't to't NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 parataxis _ _ 25 " " PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ 26 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 27 " " PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 30 " " PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=37:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 31 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 37 punct _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 34 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 37 nsubj _ _ 35 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 36 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 dialect dialect NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 38 with with ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 39 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 40 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 rules rule NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nmod _ _ 42 ; ; PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 school school NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 conj _ _ 45 writing write VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 44 acl _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 47 standard standard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=48:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 48 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 49 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 53 cop _ _ 50 " " PUNCT `` _ 53 punct _ _ 51 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 53 nsubj _ _ 52 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 53 aux _ _ 53 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 37 appos _ _ 54 to to ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 shop shop NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 obl _ _ 57 " " PUNCT '' _ 53 punct _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Homes and towns | Homes's own verb habits | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent habit=Patient | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | may | a Lancashire gran | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **go** *in a quote* | past · progressive | a Lancashire gran *= gran* | | | | | | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **shop** *in a quote* | infinitive | a Lancashire gran *= gran* *not said here* | | | | | | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** | present | that | | | | | to the real dialect and school; with gran's own rules | tree rules | | 6 | **write** | gerund | school *not said here* | the standard form | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Theme | | 7 | **is** *in a quote* | present · progressive | a Lancashire gran *= gran* | | | | | to the shop; go *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **rule** | | gran | | | | | | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tense consistency and verb forms, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/3/) - next →: [Tense consistency and verb forms, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/)