--- title: The present perfect uses "have" or "has" plus a past form like eaten… — Tense consistency and verb forms · tree and pragmatics description: The present perfect uses "have" or "has" plus a past form like eaten, gone or seen: "I have eaten" links a past action to now. Who acts: Lancashire gran, I. A sentence of the lesson «Tense consistency and verb forms» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Tense consistency and verb forms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/) / 8 # Tense consistency and verb forms, sentence 8 The present perfect uses "have" or "has" plus a past form like eaten, gone or seen: "I have eaten" links a past action to now. **Who acts:** Lancashire gran, I · **What happens:** use, have, eat, see, link · **To what, where:** past form, past action · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tense consistency and verb forms» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lancashire gran, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:8 # text = The present perfect uses "have" or "has" plus a past form like eaten, gone or seen: "I have eaten" links a past action to now. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:det 2 present present ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:amod 3 perfect perfect ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 4 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 6 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 7 " " PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ 8 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 10 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:aux|HaikuPos=AUX:VBZ:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ 12 plus plus CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 16 like like SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 17 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 acl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 gone gone ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 conj _ _ 20 or or CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 conj _ _ 22 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 " " PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ _ 24 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 25 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 parataxis _ _ 27 " " PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 28 links link VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 action action NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 32 to to ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 28 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 26 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | a Lancashire gran *= gran* *not said here* | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **eat** | participle | | a past form *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **see** | participle | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · perfect | a Lancashire gran *= gran* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **link** | present | I *not said here* | a past action | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent action=Patient to now=Co-Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:031-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tense consistency and verb forms, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/7/) - next →: [Tense consistency and verb forms, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/31-tense-consistency-and-verb-forms/)