--- title: The passive is built from a form of "be" plus a past form like chase… — Active and passive voice, modal verbs · tree and pragmatics description: The passive is built from a form of "be" plus a past form like chased, eaten or broken, and the doer can be added with "by", or left out altogether. A sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Active and passive voice, modal verbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/) / 1 # Active and passive voice, modal verbs, sentence 1 The passive is built from a form of "be" plus a past form like chased, eaten or broken, and the doer can be added with "by", or left out altogether. **What happens:** build, be, chase, eat, break, add · **To what, where:** passive, form, past form, doer This is a sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:1 # text = The passive is built from a form of "be" plus a past form like chased, eaten or broken, and the doer can be added with "by", or left out altogether. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 passive passive NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct 10 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 15 cop _ _ 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct 12 plus plus CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 form form NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:nmod 16 like like SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 17 chased chase VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 acl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 conj _ _ 20 or or CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=19:conj 22 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 doer doer NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 26 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 27 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 added add VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:conj 29 with with ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 " " PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 31 by by ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 " " PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 or or CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:conj 36 out out ADP RP _ 35 compound:prt _ _ 37 altogether altogether ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | present · passive | | the passive | | a form plus a past form | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from form=Material | | 2 | **is** | infinitive | | | | | | of a past form | tree rules | | 3 | **chase** | participle | | a past form *not said here* | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **eat** | participle | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **add** *speech: assert* | can · passive | | the doer | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 7 | **leave out** | participle | | | | | | altogether *property* | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Active and passive voice, modal verbs, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/0/) - next →: [Active and passive voice, modal verbs, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/)