--- title: Leaving the doer out is handy and sometimes sneaky: a science report… — Active and passive voice, modal verbs · tree and pragmatics description: Leaving the doer out is handy and sometimes sneaky: a science report says "The water was heated" because who did it doesn't matter, but when Mum says "The biscuits have been eaten", every child in the kitchen goes quiet. Who acts: Leaving, science report, Mum, child. A sentence of the lesson «Active --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Active and passive voice, modal verbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/) / 2 # Active and passive voice, modal verbs, sentence 2 Leaving the doer out is handy and sometimes sneaky: a science report says "The water was heated" because who did it doesn't matter, but when Mum says "The biscuits have been eaten", every child in the kitchen goes quiet. **Who acts:** Leaving, science report, Mum, child · **What happens:** leave out, be, say, heat, not matter, eat · **To what, where:** doer, water, biscuits · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leaving, science report, Mum, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:2 # text = Leaving the doer out is handy and sometimes sneaky: a science report says "The water was heated" because who did it doesn't matter, but when Mum says "The biscuits have been eaten", every child in the kitchen goes quiet. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2 1 Leaving leave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Ger 6 csubj _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 doer doer NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 out out ADP RP _ 1 compound:prt _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 handy handy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 9 advmod _ _ 9 sneaky sneaky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 conj _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 science science NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 report report NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 16 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 heated heat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 ccomp _ _ 20 " " PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ _ 21 because because SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 22 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 23 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 25 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 27 advmod _ _ 27 matter matter VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 advcl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 29 but but CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 30 when when SCONJ WRB _ 32 mark _ _ 31 Mum mum NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 advcl _ _ 33 " " PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ _ 34 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 biscuits biscuit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 36 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 37 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 ccomp _ _ 39 " " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 41 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 42 det _ _ 42 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 43 in in ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 kitchen kitchen NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nmod _ _ 46 goes go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 47 quiet quiet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 xcomp _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **leave out** | gerund | | the doer | | | | | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doer=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | Leaving | | | | | handy *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | | Leaving *not said here* | | | | | sometimes *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a science report | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **heat** *in a quote* | past · passive | | the water | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | | 6 | **not** **matter** | past · do-support | | | | | | | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Mum | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive | | the biscuits | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 9 | **go** | present | every child in the kitchen | | | | | quiet *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Active and passive voice, modal verbs, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/1/) - next →: [Active and passive voice, modal verbs, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/)