--- title: Dialects have their own forms: Irish English "The window got broke"… — Active and passive voice, modal verbs · tree and pragmatics description: Dialects have their own forms: Irish English "The window got broke" and Scots "Ye cannae dae that" ("cannae" is can't, "dae" is do) are real grammar of real places; in formal writing they become "The window was broken" and "You can't do that". Who acts: Dialects, window, You. A sentence of the lesso --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Active and passive voice, modal verbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/) / 4 # Active and passive voice, modal verbs, sentence 4 Dialects have their own forms: Irish English "The window got broke" and Scots "Ye cannae dae that" ("cannae" is can't, "dae" is do) are real grammar of real places; in formal writing they become "The window was broken" and "You can't do that". **Who acts:** Dialects, window, You · **What happens:** have, get, be, become, not do, form · **To what, where:** own forms, Irish English, do, real grammar, formal writing, that · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dialects, window, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:4 # text = Dialects have their own forms: Irish English "The window got broke" and Scots "Ye cannae dae that" ("cannae" is can't, "dae" is do) are real grammar of real places; in formal writing they become "The window was broken" and "You can't do that". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Dialects dialect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 4 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 forms form NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 Irish Irish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 10 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 13 broke broke ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 xcomp _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 Scots Scot PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 17 " " PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 18 Ye ye ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 cannae cannae NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 20 dae dae X FW Foreign=Yes 19 dep _ _ 21 that that SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 22 " " PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 23 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 24 " " PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ _ 25 cannae cannae NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ _ 27 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 28 ca can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 advcl _ _ 29 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 28 advmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 31 " " PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 32 dae dae X FW Foreign=Yes 28 dep _ _ 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 35 do do NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 36 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 35 punct _ _ 37 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 38 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 grammar grammar NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nmod _ _ 43 ; ; PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 44 in in ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 formal formal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 writing writing NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 47 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 48 become become VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 49 " " PUNCT `` _ 53 punct _ _ 50 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 nsubj _ _ 52 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 53 cop _ _ 53 broken broken ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=48:parataxis 54 " " PUNCT '' _ 53 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=60:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 55 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 56 " " PUNCT `` _ 60 punct _ _ 57 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 60 nsubj _ _ 58 ca can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 60 aux _ _ 59 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 60 advmod _ _ 60 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 53 parataxis _ _ 61 that that PRON DT PronType=Dem 60 obj _ _ 62 " " PUNCT '' _ 60 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=53:punct 63 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Dialects | Dialects's own forms and do | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient | | 2 | **get** *in a quote* | past | the window | Irish English Ye cannae and Scots *not said here* | | | | broke *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer english=Stimulus | | 3 | **is a** | present | Dialects *not said here* | do | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is a** | present | Dialects *not said here* | real grammar | | | | of real places | tree rules | | 5 | **become** | present | Dialects *= dialect* | | | | | in formal writing *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in writing=Result | | 6 | **is** *in a quote* | past | the window | | | | | broken *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **do** *in a quote* | can | You | that | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | | 8 | **form** | | Dialects *= dialect* | | | | | | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Active and passive voice, modal verbs, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/3/) - next →: [Active and passive voice, modal verbs, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/)