--- title: In a passive sentence the doer can be added with "by ..." or left ou… — Active and passive voice, modal verbs · tree and pragmatics description: In a passive sentence the doer can be added with "by ..." or left out completely: "The window was broken." A sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Active and passive voice, modal verbs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/) / 9 # Active and passive voice, modal verbs, sentence 9 In a passive sentence the doer can be added with "by ..." or left out completely: "The window was broken." **What happens:** add, leave out, break · **To what, where:** doer, passive sentence, window · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:9 # text = In a passive sentence the doer can be added with "by ..." or left out completely: "The window was broken." # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 passive passive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 sentence sentence NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 doer doer NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 added add VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 9 obl _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct 12 by by ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 ... ... PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:::_ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 15 or or CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 17 out out ADP RP _ 16 compound:prt _ _ 18 completely completely ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 19 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 21 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | can · passive | | the doer | | a passive sentence | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 2 | **leave out** | participle | | | | | | completely *property* | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **break** *in a quote* | past · passive | | the window | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:032-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Active and passive voice, modal verbs, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/7/) - next →: [Active and passive voice, modal verbs, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/)