--- title: Apostrophes never make ordinary plurals: a market sign saying "Banan… — Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging · tree and pragmatics description: Apostrophes never make ordinary plurals: a market sign saying "Banana's £1" makes people giggle, because it should simply be "Bananas £1". Who acts: Apostrophes, market sign, people, apostrophe. A sentence of the lesson «Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging» of the english course of Mova's pri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Apostrophes: missing letters and belon…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/) / 3 # Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging, sentence 3 Apostrophes never make ordinary plurals: a market sign saying "Banana's £1" makes people giggle, because it should simply be "Bananas £1". **Who acts:** Apostrophes, market sign, people, apostrophe · **What happens:** not make, say, make, giggle, be · **To what, where:** ordinary plurals, £, people, Bananas · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Apostrophes, market sign, people, apostrophe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:034-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging.lesson:3 # text = Apostrophes never make ordinary plurals: a market sign saying "Banana's £1" makes people giggle, because it should simply be "Bananas £1". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 034-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Apostrophes apostrophe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 3 advmod _ _ 3 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 ordinary ordinary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 plurals plural NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 market market NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 sign sign NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 10 saying say VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 acl _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 14 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct 12 Banana banana NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod:poss _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:compound 13 's 's PART POS _ 12 case _ _ 14 £ £ NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 15 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 flat _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ _ 17 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 18 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 19 giggle giggle VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 xcomp _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 21 because because SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 22 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 23 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 24 simply simply ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 25 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 27 cop _ _ 26 " " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ _ 27 Bananas banana PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 17 advcl _ _ 28 £ £ SYM $ _ 27 flat _ _ 29 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 30 " " PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **make** | present | Apostrophes | ordinary plurals | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plural=Product | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a market sign *not said here* | Banana's £ | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent £=Topic | | 3 | **make** | present | a market sign | people | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **giggle** | infinitive | people *not said here* | | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | should | apostrophe | Bananas | | | | simply *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:034-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Apostrophes: missing letters and belon…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/1/) - next →: [Apostrophes: missing letters and belon…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/)