--- title: An apostrophe can show missing letters in a contraction: don't (do n… — Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging · tree and pragmatics description: An apostrophe can show missing letters in a contraction: don't (do not), can't (cannot), I'm (I am), we're (we are). Who acts: apostrophe, we. A sentence of the lesson «Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Apostrophes: missing letters and belon…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/) / 5 # Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging, sentence 5 An apostrophe can show missing letters in a contraction: don't (do not), can't (cannot), I'm (I am), we're (we are). **Who acts:** apostrophe, we · **What happens:** show, not do, be · **To what, where:** missing letters, contraction · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Apostrophes: missing letters and belonging» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apostrophe, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:034-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging.lesson:5 # text = An apostrophe can show missing letters in a contraction: don't (do not), can't (cannot), I'm (I am), we're (we are). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 034-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 apostrophe apostrophe NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 missing missing ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 contraction contraction NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 11 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 12 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 13 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 14 punct _ _ 14 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 parataxis _ _ 15 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 14 advmod _ _ 16 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 14 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=11:punct 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 ca can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ _ 19 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 20 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 21 punct _ _ 21 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 22 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 21 advmod _ _ 23 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 'm be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 27 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 29 punct _ _ 28 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:ccomp 30 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 29 punct _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:nsubj 33 're be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 34 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 36 punct _ _ 35 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 36 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ _ 37 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 36 punct _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | can | a apostrophe | missing letters | | a contraction | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent letter=Recipient clause=Topic | | 2 | **not** **do** | infinitive | a apostrophe *not said here* | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **not** **do** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | present | we | | | | | be *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:034-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Apostrophes: missing letters and belon…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/4/) - next →: [Apostrophes: missing letters and belon…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/34-apostrophes-missing-letters-and-belonging/)