---
title: The punctuation that ends the spoken words goes inside the marks: a… — Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers · tree and pragmatics
description: The punctuation that ends the spoken words goes inside the marks: a comma if the sentence carries on ("Hello," said Sam), a question mark for a question ("Where are you going?" asked Mum), an exclamation mark for a shout ("Look out!" shouted Tom). Who acts: punctuation, sentence, Sam, you. A sentenc
---

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# Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 1

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The punctuation that ends the spoken words goes inside the marks: a comma if the sentence carries on ("Hello," said Sam), a question mark for a question ("Where are you going?" asked Mum), an exclamation mark for a shout ("Look out!" shouted Tom).

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**Who acts:** punctuation, sentence, Sam, you, Mum, Tom · **What happens:** end, speak, go, carry on, say, ask · **To what, where:** spoken words, marks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (punctuation, sentence, Sam, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:1
# text = The punctuation that ends the spoken words goes inside the marks: a comma if the sentence carries on ("Hello," said Sam), a question mark for a question ("Where are you going?" asked Mum), an exclamation mark for a shout ("Look out!" shouted Tom).
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	punctuation	punctuation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	comma	comma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
15	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
21	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Hello	hello	INTJ	UH	_	25	discourse	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct
25	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
26	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	43	punct	_	_
36	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	40	punct	_	_
37	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	40	advmod	_	_
38	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
39	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	43	advcl	_	_
41	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	40	punct	_	_
42	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	40	punct	_	_
43	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
44	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
45	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	43	punct	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
47	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
48	exclamation	exclamation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	_
49	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	_
50	for	for	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
53	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	55	punct	_	_
54	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	55	punct	_	_
55	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	49	parataxis	_	_
56	out	out	ADP	RP	_	55	compound:prt	_	_
57	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	55	punct	_	_
58	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	55	punct	_	_
59	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	55	parataxis	_	_
60	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	59	nsubj	_	_
61	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	60	punct	_	_
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | the punctuation | the spoken words |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality word=Eventuality |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **go** | present | the punctuation |  |  | the marks |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside mark=Location |
| 4 | **carry on** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the sentence |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Sam |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **look out** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Tom |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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