--- title: Indirect (reported) speech tells what someone said without their exa… — Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers · tree and pragmatics description: Indirect (reported) speech tells what someone said without their exact words and has no inverted commas: She said that she was tired. Who acts: Indirect speech, someone, sentence, commas. A sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's prima --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/) / 11 # Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 11 Indirect (reported) speech tells what someone said without their exact words and has no inverted commas: She said that she was tired. **Who acts:** Indirect speech, someone, sentence, commas · **What happens:** report, tell, say, have, invert, be · **To what, where:** inverted commas · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indirect speech, someone, sentence, commas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:11 # text = Indirect (reported) speech tells what someone said without their exact words and has no inverted commas: She said that she was tired. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Indirect indirect ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 2 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 3 punct _ _ 3 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 amod _ _ 4 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 3 punct _ _ 5 speech speech NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 what what DET WDT PronType=Int 8 det _ _ 8 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 9 nsubj _ _ 9 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ _ 10 without without ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 12 exact exact ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 16 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 18 det _ _ 17 inverted invert VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 amod _ _ 18 commas comma NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 19 : : PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 20 She she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ _ 22 that that SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 23 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 25 tired tired ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 ccomp _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=9:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **report** | participle | | | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | Indirect speech | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | someone | | | | | without commas's exact words | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **have** | present | Indirect speech *not said here* | no inverted commas | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comma=Patient | | 5 | **invert** | participle | | | | | | | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | sentence | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **is** | past | sentence | | | | | tired *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **word** | | commas *= comma* | | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/10/) - next →: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/)