--- title: Both single ('...') and double ("...") inverted commas are correct;… — Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers · tree and pragmatics description: Both single ('...') and double ("...") inverted commas are correct; many UK books use single and US books double; be consistent. Who acts: single inverted commas, many UK books. A sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/) / 12 # Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 12 Both single ('...') and double ("...") inverted commas are correct; many UK books use single and US books double; be consistent. **Who acts:** single inverted commas, many UK books · **What happens:** invert, be, use · **To what, where:** single US books This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (single inverted commas, many UK books), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:12 # text = Both single ('...') and double ("...") inverted commas are correct; many UK books use single and US books double; be consistent. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Both both CCONJ CC _ 2 cc:preconj _ _ 2 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 3 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 6 punct _ _ 4 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 5 ... ... PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 7 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 2 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 double double ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 conj _ _ 10 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 16 punct _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ _ 12 ... ... PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 " " PUNCT '' _ 16 punct _ _ 14 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 16 punct _ _ 15 inverted invert VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 amod _ _ 16 commas comma NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 17 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 18 correct correct ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 20 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 21 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 24 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 US US PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 28 double double ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 obj _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=18:punct 30 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 31 cop _ _ 31 consistent consistent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 conj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: evaluate - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: changed act=evaluate, polarity=pos | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **invert** | participle | | | | | | | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | present | single inverted commas | | | | | correct *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **use** | present | many UK books | single US books | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | infinitive | single inverted commas *not said here* | | | | | consistent *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/11/) - next →: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/)