--- title: "Said" is often the best speech verb because readers hardly notice i… — Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers · tree and pragmatics description: "Said" is often the best speech verb because readers hardly notice it; whispered, shouted or muttered add detail when used now and then. Who acts: Said, readers. A sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/) / 13 # Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 13 "Said" is often the best speech verb because readers hardly notice it; whispered, shouted or muttered add detail when used now and then. **Who acts:** Said, readers · **What happens:** be, notice, whisper, shout, mutter, add · **To what, where:** best speech verb, verb, detail This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Said, readers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:13 # text = "Said" is often the best speech verb because readers hardly notice it; whispered, shouted or muttered add detail when used now and then. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Said Said PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 3 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 5 often often ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 7 best good ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 9 amod _ _ 8 speech speech NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 10 because because SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 11 readers reader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 12 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 notice notice VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:advcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 whispered whisper VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 nsubj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 shouted shout VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 19 or or CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 muttered mutter VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 21 add add VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 22 detail detail NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 23 when when SCONJ WRB _ 24 mark _ _ 24 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 advcl _ _ 25 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 24 advmod _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 25 conj _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Said | the best speech verb | | | | often *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **notice** | present | readers | verb | | | | hardly *property* | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 3 | **whisper** *speech: assert* | past | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **mutter** *speech: assert* | past | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **add** *speech: assert* | infinitive | | detail | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detail=Patient | | 7 | **use** | participle | | | | | now | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/12/) - next →: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/)