---
title: Every time a new person speaks, start a new line, the way a play scr… — Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers · tree and pragmatics
description: Every time a new person speaks, start a new line, the way a play script gives each actor their own line; a whole conversation in one block is like everyone in class talking at once. Who acts: new person, play script. A sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the e
---

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# Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 2

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Every time a new person speaks, start a new line, the way a play script gives each actor their own line; a whole conversation in one block is like everyone in class talking at once.

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**Who acts:** new person, play script · **What happens:** speak, start, give, talk · **To what, where:** new line, way, actor · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new person, play script), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:2
# text = Every time a new person speaks, start a new line, the way a play script gives each actor their own line; a whole conversation in one block is like everyone in class talking at once.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
20	actor	actor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	iobj	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	conversation	conversation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	30	nummod	_	_
30	block	block	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	parataxis	_	_
33	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	32	obl	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	33	acl	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	36	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | a new person |  |  |  | time |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **start** | infinitive | a new person *not said here* | a new line |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Eventuality |
| 3 | **give** | present | a play script | the way | each actor |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent actor=Recipient line=Theme |
| 4 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/1/)
- next →: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/3/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/)