--- title: Questions and exclamations in speech keep their ? or ! inside the ma… — Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers · tree and pragmatics description: Questions and exclamations in speech keep their ? or ! inside the marks: "Where are you going?" asked Mum. Who acts: Questions, you, Mum, exclamations. A sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/) / 8 # Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers, sentence 8 Questions and exclamations in speech keep their ? or ! inside the marks: "Where are you going?" asked Mum. **Who acts:** Questions, you, Mum, exclamations · **What happens:** keep, go, ask, mark · **To what, where:** marks · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Questions, you, Mum, exclamations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:8 # text = Questions and exclamations in speech keep their ? or ! inside the marks: "Where are you going?" asked Mum. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Questions question NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 exclamations exclamation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 speech speech NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl 6 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 8 ? ? PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 10 ! ! PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct 11 inside inside ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 marks mark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:obj 14 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 16 Where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 19 advmod _ _ 17 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 18 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:advcl 20 ? ? PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ _ 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ _ 22 asked ask VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 23 Mum mum NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=6:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | infinitive | Questions in speech and exclamations | | | exclamations's marks | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent inside mark=Location | | 2 | **go** *in a quote* | present · progressive | you | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Mum | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **mark** | | exclamations *= exclamation* | | | | | | nom mark «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:035-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/7/) - next →: [Direct speech: inverted commas and new…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/)