--- title: A paragraph is a group of sentences about one thing, and starting a… — Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together · tree and pragmatics description: A paragraph is a group of sentences about one thing, and starting a new one tells the reader "something has changed", like a new scene in a film. Who acts: paragraph, something. A sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/) / 0 # Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together, sentence 0 A paragraph is a group of sentences about one thing, and starting a new one tells the reader "something has changed", like a new scene in a film. **Who acts:** paragraph, something · **What happens:** be, start, tell, change · **To what, where:** group, new one, reader · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (paragraph, something), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:0 # text = A paragraph is a group of sentences about one thing, and starting a new one tells the reader "something has changed", like a new scene in a film. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 paragraph paragraph NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 group group NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 sentences sentence NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 about about ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 starting start VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:nsubj 17 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 ccomp _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 reader reader NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 iobj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:obj 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ _ 21 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 23 nsubj _ _ 22 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 17 ccomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:acl:relcl 24 " " PUNCT '' _ 23 punct _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 like like ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 scene scene NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 film film NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a paragraph | a group | | | | of sentences about one thing | tree rules | | 2 | **start** | gerund | a paragraph *not said here* | a new one | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a paragraph *not said here* | | the reader | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent reader=Recipient clause=Topic | | 4 | **change** *in a quote* | present · perfect | something | | | | | like a new scene in a film | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Brackets, dashes, colons, semicolons a…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/36-brackets-dashes-colons-semicolons-and-hyphens/16/) - next →: [Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/)