--- title: Pronouns such as he, she, it and they avoid repeating names, but the… — Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together · tree and pragmatics description: Pronouns such as he, she, it and they avoid repeating names, but they must be clear: "Tom met Sam and he laughed" does not say who laughed. Who acts: Pronouns, Tom. A sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/) / 10 # Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together, sentence 10 Pronouns such as he, she, it and they avoid repeating names, but they must be clear: "Tom met Sam and he laughed" does not say who laughed. **Who acts:** Pronouns, Tom · **What happens:** avoid, repeat, be, meet, laugh, not say · **To what, where:** names, Sam · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pronouns, Tom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:10 # text = Pronouns such as he, she, it and they avoid repeating names, but they must be clear: "Tom met Sam and he laughed" does not say who laughed. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Pronouns pronoun NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 2 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 amod _ _ 3 as as ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:obl 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct 6 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 appos _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 avoid avoid VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 repeating repeat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 xcomp _ _ 13 names name NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 but but CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 17 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 18 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 19 cop _ _ 19 clear clear ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 20 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 21 " " PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ _ 22 Tom Tom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 met meet VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 ccomp _ _ 24 Sam Sam PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 laughed laugh VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 28 " " PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=31:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 29 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 parataxis _ _ 32 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 33 nsubj _ _ 33 laughed laugh VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 ccomp _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **avoid** | present | Pronouns as reader | | | | | | vn avoid-52 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **repeat** | gerund | Pronouns as reader *not said here* | names | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Eventuality | | 3 | **is** | must | pronouns *= pronoun* | | | | | clear *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **meet** *in a quote* | past | Tom | Sam | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sam=Co-Agent | | 5 | **laugh** *in a quote* | past | Tom | | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **laugh** | past | | | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/9/) - next →: [Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/)