---
title: In non-fiction, headings, subheadings and signposts such as "Firstly… — Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together · tree and pragmatics
description: In non-fiction, headings, subheadings and signposts such as "Firstly, secondly, finally" organise the text. Who acts: headings. A sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together, sentence 14

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In non-fiction, headings, subheadings and signposts such as "Firstly, secondly, finally" organise the text.

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**Who acts:** headings · **What happens:** organise · **To what, where:** text, non-fiction

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (headings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:14
# text = In non-fiction, headings, subheadings and signposts such as "Firstly, secondly, finally" organise the text.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	non-fiction	non-fiction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	headings	heading	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	subheadings	subheading	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	signposts	signpost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=6:conj
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	_
12	Firstly	firstly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	secondly	secondly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	finally	finally	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_
18	organise	organise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **organise** | present | headings and subheadings and signposts | the text |  | non-fiction |  | finally, firstly, secondly *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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