--- title: In information texts, headings such as "Habitat", "Diet" and "Life c… — Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together · tree and pragmatics description: In information texts, headings such as "Habitat", "Diet" and "Life cycle" and signposts such as "Firstly", "Secondly" and "Finally" act like signs in a big shop that tell you which aisle you are in. Who acts: headings, big shop. A sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text toget --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/) / 4 # Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together, sentence 4 In information texts, headings such as "Habitat", "Diet" and "Life cycle" and signposts such as "Firstly", "Secondly" and "Finally" act like signs in a big shop that tell you which aisle you are in. **Who acts:** headings, big shop · **What happens:** act, tell · **To what, where:** information texts, aisle, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (headings, big shop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:4 # text = In information texts, headings such as "Habitat", "Diet" and "Life cycle" and signposts such as "Firstly", "Secondly" and "Finally" act like signs in a big shop that tell you which aisle you are in. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 information information NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 texts text NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 headings heading NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 6 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 9 case _ _ 7 as as ADP IN _ 6 fixed _ _ 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 9 Habitat habitat NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 10 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 13 Diet diet NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:appos 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 " " PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 17 Life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 18 cycle cycle NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 19 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 signposts signpost NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 22 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 23 as as ADP IN _ 22 fixed _ _ 24 " " PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ _ 25 Firstly firstly ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=22:punct 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=35:punct 28 " " PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ _ 29 Secondly secondly ADV RB _ 25 conj _ _ 30 " " PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 32 " " PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ _ 33 Finally finally ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 34 " " PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ _ 35 act act VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 36 like like ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 signs sign NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obl 38 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 shop shop NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 42 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 43 nsubj _ _ 43 tell tell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 acl:relcl _ _ 44 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 43 iobj _ _ 45 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 46 det _ _ 46 aisle aisle NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 47 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ _ 48 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 cop _ _ 49 in in ADP IN _ 46 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=46:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 35 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **act** | present | headings such Habitat and Diet and Life cycle and signposts | | | information texts | | like signs in a big shop | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent like sign=Attribute | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a big shop | which aisle | you | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient aisle=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:037-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/3/) - next →: [Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a tex…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/)