--- title: In Bristol "Where's it to?" means "Where is it?"; in Singapore Engli… — Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk,… · tree and pragmatics description: In Bristol "Where's it to?" means "Where is it?"; in Singapore English "Can or not?" means "Is that possible?" or "Is that okay?" Who acts: shop, that. A sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/) / 14 # Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 14 In Bristol "Where's it to?" means "Where is it?"; in Singapore English "Can or not?" means "Is that possible?" or "Is that okay?" **Who acts:** shop, that · **What happens:** be, mean · **To what, where:** Bristol · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shop, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:14 # text = In Bristol "Where's it to?" means "Where is it?"; in Singapore English "Can or not?" means "Is that possible?" or "Is that okay?" # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 Bristol Bristol PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 3 " " PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 4 Where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 10 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:nsubj 5 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 6 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 7 to to ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 8 ? ? PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ 9 " " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ 10 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 12 Where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 13 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 15 ? ? PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 Singapore Singapore PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 appos _ _ 21 " " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 22 Can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 conj _ _ 25 ? ? PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct 27 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _ 28 " " PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ _ 29 Is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 30 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 31 nsubj _ _ 31 possible possible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:obj 32 ? ? PUNCT . _ 31 punct _ _ 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ _ 34 or or CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=31:cc 35 " " PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ _ 36 Is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 37 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 38 nsubj _ _ 38 okay okay ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 conj _ _ 39 ? ? PUNCT . _ 38 punct _ _ 40 " " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | shop | | | Bristol | | where *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** *in a quote* | can · present | shop | | | | | where *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **mean** | present | | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | that | | | | | possible *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **is** *in a quote* | present | that | | | | | okay *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/13/) - next →: [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/)