--- title: Code-switching means changing how you speak or write depending on wh… — Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk,… · tree and pragmatics description: Code-switching means changing how you speak or write depending on who you are with and why. Who acts: Code switching, you. A sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/) / 15 # Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 15 Code-switching means changing how you speak or write depending on who you are with and why. **Who acts:** Code switching, you · **What happens:** means, change, speak, write, depend, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Code switching, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:15 # text = Code-switching means changing how you speak or write depending on who you are with and why. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Code code NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 2 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 1 punct _ _ 3 switching switch NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 means means VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 changing change VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:obj 6 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 8 advmod _ _ 7 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 speak speak VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 ccomp _ _ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 write write VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 11 depending depend VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 8 advcl _ _ 12 on on ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 13 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 18 nsubj _ _ 14 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 16 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 11 advmod _ _ 19 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **means** | present | Code switching | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **change** | gerund | Code switching *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | you | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **write** | present | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **depend** | gerund | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is** | present | | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/14/) - next →: [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/)