--- title: So when a teacher writes "we were" over "we was", she is not saying… — Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk,… · tree and pragmatics description: So when a teacher writes "we were" over "we was", she is not saying Kai's family talks wrong; she is handing him a second tool, the way a footballer has home kit and away kit and wears each at the right match. Who acts: teacher, family, footballer. A sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dial --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/) / 3 # Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 3 So when a teacher writes "we were" over "we was", she is not saying Kai's family talks wrong; she is handing him a second tool, the way a footballer has home kit and away kit and wears each at the right match. **Who acts:** teacher, family, footballer · **What happens:** write, be, not be, talk, hand, have · **To what, where:** second tool, English, home kit, each, right match · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (teacher, family, footballer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:3 # text = So when a teacher writes "we were" over "we was", she is not saying Kai's family talks wrong; she is handing him a second tool, the way a footballer has home kit and away kit and wears each at the right match. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 So so ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 2 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 5 advmod _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 teacher teacher NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 writes write VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 7 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nsubj 8 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 9 " " PUNCT '' _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 10 over over ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 12 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:nsubj 13 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 17 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 18 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 19 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 20 Kai Kai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod:poss _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:nmod:poss 21 's 's PART POS _ 20 case _ _ 22 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:compound 23 talks talk VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 24 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 26 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 handing hand VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 19 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:conj 29 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 iobj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:obj 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 32 amod _ _ 32 tool tool NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl:unmarked _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 footballer footballer NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 acl:relcl _ _ 39 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 kit kit NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 42 away away ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 kit kit NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:conj 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 wears wear VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 conj _ _ 46 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 45 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=45:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Tot 47 at at ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 49 right right ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 50 amod _ _ 50 match match NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **write** | present | a teacher | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | past | | | | | | over *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **not** **be** *speech: assert* | past · progressive | teacher | | | | | the way *obl:unmarked*; say *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **talk** | present | Kai's family | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **hand** | present · progressive | family | a second tool | English | | | | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination tool=Theme | | 6 | **have** | present | a footballer | home kit and kit | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kit=Patient | | 7 | **wear** | present | a footballer *not said here* | each | | the right match | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent each=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/2/) - next →: [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/)