--- title: "We was", "I done it", "them books", "I seen it" and "I ain't got no… — Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk,… · tree and pragmatics description: "We was", "I done it", "them books", "I seen it" and "I ain't got none" are common in many dialects; the Standard English forms are "we were", "I did it", "those books", "I saw it" and "I haven't got any". Who acts: schools, words, I. A sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/) / 8 # Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing, sentence 8 "We was", "I done it", "them books", "I seen it" and "I ain't got none" are common in many dialects; the Standard English forms are "we were", "I did it", "those books", "I saw it" and "I haven't got any". **Who acts:** schools, words, I · **What happens:** done, book, see, not get, be · **To what, where:** dialect, none, many dialects, any · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Standard English and dialect: "we was" in talk, "we were" in writing» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (schools, words, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:8 # text = "We was", "I done it", "them books", "I seen it" and "I ain't got none" are common in many dialects; the Standard English forms are "we were", "I did it", "those books", "I saw it" and "I haven't got any". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×7, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×6 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ _ 2 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 6 " " PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 7 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 done done VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 advcl _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _ 10 " " PUNCT '' _ 8 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct 12 " " PUNCT `` _ 14 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 13 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 15 " " PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 17 " " PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 18 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 59 advcl _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=31:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 23 " " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ _ 24 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 25 ai have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 27 advmod _ _ 27 got get VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 31 advcl _ _ 28 none none PRON NN PronType=Neg 27 obj _ _ 29 " " PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct 30 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 31 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 conj _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 dialects dialect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 37 Standard Standard PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 38 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 flat _ _ 39 forms form NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 conj _ _ 40 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 41 " " PUNCT `` _ 44 punct _ _ 42 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=44:nsubj 43 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 44 " " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 46 " " PUNCT `` _ 48 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 47 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 48 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ _ 49 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 obj _ _ 50 " " PUNCT '' _ 48 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=48:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 52 " " PUNCT `` _ 54 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=54:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 53 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 54 det _ _ 54 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 55 " " PUNCT '' _ 54 punct _ _ 56 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 57 " " PUNCT `` _ 59 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 58 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 59 nsubj _ _ 59 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 60 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 59 obj _ _ 61 " " PUNCT '' _ 59 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=67:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 62 and and CCONJ CC _ 67 cc _ _ 63 " " PUNCT `` _ 67 punct _ _ 64 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 67 nsubj _ _ 65 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 67 aux _ _ 66 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 67 advmod _ _ 67 got get VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 59 ccomp _ _ 68 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 67 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=67:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 69 " " PUNCT '' _ 67 punct _ _ 70 . . PUNCT . _ 59 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **done** *in a quote* | present | schools *= school* | dialect | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **book** *in a quote* | | words *= word* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **see** *in a quote* | participle | schools *= school* | dialect | | | | that books *obl* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 4 | **not** **get** *in a quote* | present · perfect | schools *= school* | none | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer none=Stimulus | | 5 | **is** | present | I *not said here* | | | many dialects and the Standard forms | | common *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **see** *in a quote* | past | schools *= school* | dialect | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **get** *in a quote* | present · perfect | schools *= school* | any | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer any=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:038-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×7, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×6. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/7/) - next →: [Standard English and dialect: "we was"…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/38-standard-english-and-dialect-we-was-and-we-were/)