--- title: "We had a nice cake at the nice party and it was nice" tells us noth… — Describing: senses, showing and precise words · tree and pragmatics description: "We had a nice cake at the nice party and it was nice" tells us nothing; one precise word ("sticky", "lemony", "lopsided") paints a picture, while piling up "big, huge, enormous, massive, giant" just makes the reader wait. Who acts: We, cake, one precise word, reader. A sentence of the lesson «Descr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Describing: senses, showing and precis…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/) / 1 # Describing: senses, showing and precise words, sentence 1 "We had a nice cake at the nice party and it was nice" tells us nothing; one precise word ("sticky", "lemony", "lopsided") paints a picture, while piling up "big, huge, enormous, massive, giant" just makes the reader wait. **Who acts:** We, cake, one precise word, reader · **What happens:** have, be, tell, paint, pile up, make · **To what, where:** nice cake, nice party, nothing, us, picture, big huge enormous massive giant · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Describing: senses, showing and precise words» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, cake, one precise word, reader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:041-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words.lesson:1 # text = "We had a nice cake at the nice party and it was nice" tells us nothing; one precise word ("sticky", "lemony", "lopsided") paints a picture, while piling up "big, huge, enormous, massive, giant" just makes the reader wait. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 041-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ _ 2 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:csubj 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 nice nice ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 cake cake NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 nice nice ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 party party NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 nice nice ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 15 " " PUNCT '' _ 16 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 16 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 17 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 iobj _ _ 18 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 16 obj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 22 nummod _ _ 21 precise precise ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 23 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 24 " " PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ _ 25 sticky sticky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:parataxis 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 " " PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ _ 29 lemony lemony ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 conj _ _ 30 " " PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 " " PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ _ 33 lopsided lopsided ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 conj _ _ 34 " " PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ _ 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 36 paints paint VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 picture picture NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 40 while while SCONJ IN _ 55 mark _ _ 41 piling pile VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 55 nsubj _ _ 42 up up ADP RP _ 41 compound:prt _ _ 43 " " PUNCT `` _ 44 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=52:punct 44 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=44:punct 46 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 48 enormous enormous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 49 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 50 massive massive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 amod _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 52 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 obj _ _ 53 " " PUNCT '' _ 52 punct _ _ 54 just just ADV RB _ 55 advmod _ _ 55 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 advcl _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=58:det 57 reader reader NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 obj _ _ 58 wait wait VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 55 xcomp _ _ 59 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=3:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: changed polarity=neg, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** *in a quote* | past | We | a nice cake | | the nice party | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient | | 2 | **is** *in a quote* | past | cake | | | | | nice *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | | nothing | us | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **paint** | present | one precise word | a picture | | | | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Destination | | 5 | **pile up** | gerund | | big huge enormous massive giant | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme giant=Destination | | 6 | **make** | present | | the reader | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **wait** | infinitive | the reader *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:041-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Describing: senses, showing and precis…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/0/) - next →: [Describing: senses, showing and precis…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/41-describing-senses-showing-and-precise-words/)