---
title: Reading your work aloud helps you hear missing words, clumsy sentenc… — Editing and redrafting · tree and pragmatics
description: Reading your work aloud helps you hear missing words, clumsy sentences and tense slips. Who acts: Reading, you, your. A sentence of the lesson «Editing and redrafting» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Editing and redrafting, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reading your work aloud helps you hear missing words, clumsy sentences and tense slips.

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**Who acts:** Reading, you, your · **What happens:** read, help, hear, work · **To what, where:** work, missing words

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Editing and redrafting» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reading, you, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:043-editing-and-redrafting.lesson:7
# text = Reading your work aloud helps you hear missing words, clumsy sentences and tense slips.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 043-editing-and-redrafting.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
8	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	clumsy	clumsy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	tense	tense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
15	slips	slip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund |  | your work |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Topic |
| 2 | **help** | present | Reading |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **hear** | infinitive | you | missing words and clumsy sentences and tense slips |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |
| 4 | **work** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:043-editing-and-redrafting.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Editing and redrafting, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/43-editing-and-redrafting/5/)
- next →: [Editing and redrafting, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/43-editing-and-redrafting/8/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/43-editing-and-redrafting/)