--- title: A report on penguins is sorted by topic, not by time, under headings… — Writing to inform, instruct and persuade · tree and pragmatics description: A report on penguins is sorted by topic, not by time, under headings like "Habitat" and "Diet", in the present tense; a newspaper report tells who, what, where, when and why, in the past tense, with a headline and a quote. Who acts: topic, newspaper report. A sentence of the lesson «Writing to infor --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Writing to inform, instruct and persuade](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/) / 3 # Writing to inform, instruct and persuade, sentence 3 A report on penguins is sorted by topic, not by time, under headings like "Habitat" and "Diet", in the present tense; a newspaper report tells who, what, where, when and why, in the past tense, with a headline and a quote. **Who acts:** topic, newspaper report · **What happens:** sort, tell · **To what, where:** report, headings, past tense · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Writing to inform, instruct and persuade» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (topic, newspaper report), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:044-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade.lesson:3 # text = A report on penguins is sorted by topic, not by time, under headings like "Habitat" and "Diet", in the present tense; a newspaper report tells who, what, where, when and why, in the past tense, with a headline and a quote. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 044-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 report report NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 penguins penguin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 sorted sort VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 topic topic NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 11 by by ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 under under ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 headings heading NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 16 like like ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 " " PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 18 Habitat habitat NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 " " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ _ 22 Diet diet NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 23 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 present present ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 tense tense NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 newspaper newspaper NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 report report NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 34 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 33 obj _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=34:punct 36 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 34 conj _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=34:punct 38 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 34 conj _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=34:punct 40 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 34 conj _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 34 conj _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 44 in in ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 46 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 amod _ _ 47 tense tense NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 49 with with ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 headline headline NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 53 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 quote quote NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 conj _ _ 55 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sort** | present · passive | topic and time | a report on penguins | | headings like Habitat and Diet | | in the present tense *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in tense=Goal | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a newspaper report | | | the past tense | | with a headline and a quote | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent who=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:044-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Writing to inform, instruct and persuade, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/2/) - next →: [Writing to inform, instruct and persuade, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/)