---
title: A non-chronological report organises facts by topic, not by time, us… — Writing to inform, instruct and persuade · tree and pragmatics
description: A non-chronological report organises facts by topic, not by time, usually in the present tense with headings. Who acts: non-chronological report. A sentence of the lesson «Writing to inform, instruct and persuade» of the english course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Writing to inform, instruct and persuade, sentence 8

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A non-chronological report organises facts by topic, not by time, usually in the present tense with headings.

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**Who acts:** non-chronological report · **What happens:** organise · **To what, where:** facts, present tense

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Writing to inform, instruct and persuade» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (non-chronological report), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:english:044-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade.lesson:8
# text = A non-chronological report organises facts by topic, not by time, usually in the present tense with headings.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = english
# lesson = 044-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	non-chronological	non-chronological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	organises	organise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	headings	heading	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **organise** | present | a non-chronological report | facts |  | the present tense with headings |  | by topic and time | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:044-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Writing to inform, instruct and persuade, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/7/)
- next →: [Writing to inform, instruct and persuade, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/9/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/44-writing-to-inform-instruct-and-persuade/)