--- title: A metaphor says one thing is another for effect, such as "The city i… — Poetry: simile, metaphor, personification, allit… · tree and pragmatics description: A metaphor says one thing is another for effect, such as "The city is a beast at night"; it is not meant literally, and it is not a lie. Who acts: metaphor, city. A sentence of the lesson «Poetry: simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration» of the english course of Mova's primary school with it --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/46-poetry-simile-metaphor-personification-alliteration/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Poetry: simile, metaphor, personificat…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/46-poetry-simile-metaphor-personification-alliteration/) / 6 # Poetry: simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration, sentence 6 A metaphor says one thing is another for effect, such as "The city is a beast at night"; it is not meant literally, and it is not a lie. **Who acts:** metaphor, city · **What happens:** say, be, not mean, not be · **To what, where:** beast, city, lie · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Poetry: simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (metaphor, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:046-poetry-simile-metaphor-personification-alliteration.lesson:6 # text = A metaphor says one thing is another for effect, such as "The city is a beast at night"; it is not meant literally, and it is not a lie. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 046-poetry-simile-metaphor-personification-alliteration.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 metaphor metaphor NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 5 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 3 ccomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:ccomp|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Ind 8 for for ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 effect effect NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 11 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ 18 mark _ _ 12 as as ADP IN _ 11 fixed _ _ 13 " " PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 14 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 parataxis _ _ 19 at at ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 25 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 26 advmod _ _ 26 meant mean VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 27 literally literally ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 31 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 34 advmod _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 lie lie NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 conj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a metaphor | | | | | for effect | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the city | a beast | | | night | | tree rules | | 3 | **not** **mean** | present · passive | | city | | | | literally *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | | 4 | **not** **is a** | present | city | a lie | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:046-poetry-simile-metaphor-personification-alliteration.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Poetry: simile, metaphor, personificat…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/46-poetry-simile-metaphor-personification-alliteration/5/) - next →: [Poetry: simile, metaphor, personificat…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/46-poetry-simile-metaphor-personification-alliteration/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/46-poetry-simile-metaphor-personification-alliteration/)