--- title: Slang to know: "cap" means a lie (Gen Alpha), "mardy" means grumpy (… — Debating and discussion · tree and pragmatics description: Slang to know: "cap" means a lie (Gen Alpha), "mardy" means grumpy (Leeds and the Midlands), "can or not?" means "is it allowed?" (Singapore English), and "y'all" means you all (the southern USA). Who acts: cap, mardy, y'all. A sentence of the lesson «Debating and discussion» of the english course o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/49-debating-and-discussion/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Debating and discussion](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/49-debating-and-discussion/) / 16 # Debating and discussion, sentence 16 Slang to know: "cap" means a lie (Gen Alpha), "mardy" means grumpy (Leeds and the Midlands), "can or not?" means "is it allowed?" (Singapore English), and "y'all" means you all (the southern USA). **Who acts:** cap, mardy, y'all · **What happens:** know, mean, allow · **To what, where:** lie, Singapore English, cap, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Debating and discussion» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cap, mardy, y'all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:049-debating-and-discussion.lesson:16 # text = Slang to know: "cap" means a lie (Gen Alpha), "mardy" means grumpy (Leeds and the Midlands), "can or not?" means "is it allowed?" (Singapore English), and "y'all" means you all (the southern USA). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 049-debating-and-discussion.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×4 1 Slang slang NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 dislocated _ _ 2 to to PART TO _ 3 mark _ _ 3 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 acl _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 6 cap cap NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 7 " " PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ 8 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 parataxis _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 lie lie NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 12 Gen Gen PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 appos _ _ 13 Alpha Alpha PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 flat _ _ 14 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct 16 " " PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ _ 17 mardy mardy NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 18 " " PUNCT '' _ 17 punct _ _ 19 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 20 grumpy grumpy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 xcomp _ _ 21 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 22 punct _ _ 22 Leeds Leeds PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 Midlands Midlands PROPN NNPS Number=Ptan 22 conj _ _ 26 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 22 punct _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 " " PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ _ 29 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 nsubj _ _ 30 or or CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 29 conj _ _ 32 ? ? PUNCT . _ 29 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 1 punct _ _ 34 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 35 " " PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 37 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 38 allowed allow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 34 ccomp _ _ 39 ? ? PUNCT . _ 38 punct _ _ 40 " " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ _ 41 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 43 punct _ _ 42 Singapore Singapore PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 compound _ _ 43 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 44 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 43 punct _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 47 " " PUNCT `` _ 48 punct _ _ 48 y'all y'all NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj _ _ 49 " " PUNCT '' _ 48 punct _ _ 50 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 parataxis _ _ 51 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 50 obj _ _ 52 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 51 nmod:unmarked _ _ 53 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 56 punct _ _ 54 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 55 southern southern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 56 amod _ _ 56 USA USA PROPN NNP Number=Sing 51 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=50:obj 57 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 56 punct _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **mean** | present | cap | a lie | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lie=Topic | | 3 | **mean** | present | mardy | | | | | grumpy *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **mean** | present | | Singapore English | | | | Slang *dislocated* | tree rules | | 5 | **allow** *in a quote* | present · passive | | cap | | | | | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary | | 6 | **mean** | present | y'all | you | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:049-debating-and-discussion.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Debating and discussion, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/49-debating-and-discussion/15/) - next →: [Listening: following talk, asking good…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/50-listening-following-talk-asking-good-questions/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/49-debating-and-discussion/)