--- title: Mixing up b and d is very common up to about seven, because they are… — Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up · tree and pragmatics description: Mixing up b and d is very common up to about seven, because they are mirror images and the brain is still learning that direction matters for letters. Who acts: Mixing, b, brain, direction. A sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/) / [Handwriting: holding the pencil and jo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/) / 10 # Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up, sentence 10 Mixing up b and d is very common up to about seven, because they are mirror images and the brain is still learning that direction matters for letters. **Who acts:** Mixing, b, brain, direction · **What happens:** mix up, be, learn, matter · **To what, where:** b, mirror images · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the english course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mixing, b, brain, direction), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:10 # text = Mixing up b and d is very common up to about seven, because they are mirror images and the brain is still learning that direction matters for letters. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = english # lesson = 005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Mixing mix VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 csubj _ _ 2 up up ADP RP _ 1 compound:prt _ _ 3 b b NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 d d NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 7 very very ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 9 up up ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 9 fixed _ _ 11 about about ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 seven seven NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 because because SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 16 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 mirror mirror NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 images image NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 advcl _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 brain brain NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 still still ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 learning learn VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 conj _ _ 25 that that SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:det|HaikuPos=DET:DT:Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 26 direction direction NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 matters matter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 ccomp _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mix up** | gerund | | b and d | | | | | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent b=Patient | | 2 | **is** | present | Mixing | | | | | up seven; common *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **is a** | present | b | mirror images | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **learn** | present · progressive | the brain | | | | still | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **matter** | present | direction | | | | | for letters | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:english:005-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Handwriting: holding the pencil and jo…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/8/) - next →: [Handwriting: holding the pencil and jo…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/)